Grades 9 to 12 Program
Course Descriptions for Grade 9
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
English, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (ENG1D)
This course emphasizes analytic reading, writing, oral communication, and thinking skills that students need for success in secondary school academic programs and their daily lives. Students will study and interpret texts from contemporary and historical periods, including plays, short stories, and short essays, and will investigate and create media works. An important focus will be the correct and effective use of spoken and written language.
Prerequisite: None
French (Core), Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (FSF1D)
This course emphasizes the further development of oral communication, reading, and writing skills. Students will build on and apply their knowledge of French while exploring a variety of themes, such as relationships, social trends, and careers. Thematic readings, which include a selection of short stories, articles, and poems, will serve as stepping stones to oral and written activities.
Prerequisite: Minimum of 600 hours of French instruction, or equivalent
Geography of Canada, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (CGC1D)
This course explores Canada's distinct and changing character and the geographic systems and relationships that shape it. Students will investigate the interactions of natural and human systems within Canada, as well as Canada's economic, cultural, and environmental connections to other countries. Students will use a variety of geotechnologies and inquiry and communication methods to analyse and evaluate geographic issues and present their findings.
Prerequisite: None
Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 9, Open - Compulsory (PPL1O)
This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong healthy active living. Students will learn movement skills and principles, ways to improve personal fitness and physical competence, and safety and injury prevention. They will investigate issues related to healthy sexuality and the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, and will participate in activities designed to develop goal-setting, communication, and social skills.
Prerequisite: None
Principles of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (MPM1D)
This course enables students to develop an understanding of mathematical concepts related to algebra, analytic geometry, and measurement and geometry through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will investigate relationships, which they will then generalize as equations of lines, and will determine the connections between different representations of a linear relation. They will also explore relationships that emerge from the measurement of three-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: None
Science, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (SNC1D)
This course enables students to develop their understanding of basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to relate science to technology, society, and the environment. Throughout the course, students will develop their skills in the processes of scientific investigation. Students will acquire an understanding of scientific theories and conduct investigations related to sustainable ecosystems; atomic and molecular structures and the properties of elements and compounds; the study of the universe and its properties and components; and the principles of electricity.
Prerequisite: None
Dramatic Arts, Grade 9, Open - Elective (ADA1O)
This course emphasizes the active exploration of dramatic forms and techniques, using material from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures. Students will construct, discuss, perform, and analyse drama, and then reflect on the experiences to develop an understanding of themselves, the art form, and the world around them.
Prerequisite: None
Exploring Communications Technology, Grade 9, Open - Elective (TGJ1O)
This exploratory course introduces students to concepts and skills in communications technology,which encompasses television/video and movie production, radio and audio production,print and graphic communications, photography, and interactive new media and animation.Students will develop an awareness of related environmental and societal issues, and will begin to explore secondary and post-secondary pathways leading to careers in the field.
Prerequisite: None
Learning Strategies 1: Skills for Success in Secondary School, Grade 9, Open - Elective (GLS1O)
This course focuses on learning strategies to help students become better, more independent learners. Students will learn how to develop and apply literacy and numeracy skills, personal management skills, and interpersonal and teamwork skills to improve their learning and achievement in school, the workplace, and the community. The course helps students build confidence and motivation to pursue opportunities for success in secondary school and beyond.
Prerequisite: None
Visual Arts, Grade 9, Open - Elective (AVI1O)
This course offers an overview of visual arts as a foundation for further study. Students will become familiar with the elements and principles of design and the expressive qualities of various materials through working with a range of materials, processes, techniques, and styles. They will learn and use methods of analysis and criticism and will study the characteristics of particular historical art periods and a selection of Canadian art and the art of other cultures.
Prerequisite: None
Course Descriptions for Grade 10
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
Grade 10 students may also choose electives from the Grade 11 or 12 lists if no prerequisites are required.
Canadian History Since World War I, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (CHC2D)
This course explores the local, national, and global forces that have shaped Canada's national identity from World War I to the present. Students will investigate the challenges presented by economic, social, and technological changes and explore the contributions of individuals and groups to Canadian culture and society during this period. Students will use critical-thinking and communication skills to evaluate various interpretations of the issues and events of the period and to present their own points of view.
Prerequisite: None
Career Studies, Grade 10, Open - Compulsory (Half Course) (GLC2O)
This course teaches students how to develop and achieve personal goals for future learning, work, and community involvement. Students will assess their interests, skills, and characteristics and investigate current economic and workplace trends, work opportunities, and ways to search for work. The course explores post-secondary learning and career options, prepares students for managing work and life transitions, and helps students focus on their goals through the development of a career plan.
Prerequisite: None
Civics, Grade 10, Open - Compulsory (Half Course) (CHV2O)
This course explores what it means to be an informed, participating citizen in a democratic society. Students will learn about the elements of democracy in local, national, and global contexts, about political reactions to social change, and about political decision-making processes in Canada. They will explore their own and others' ideas about civics questions and learn how to think critically about public issues and react responsibly to them.
Prerequisite: None
English, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (ENG2D)
This course extends the range of analytic, reading, writing, oral communication, and thinking skills that students need for success in secondary school academic programs. Students will study and interpret challenging texts from contemporary and historical periods, includingnovels, poems, plays, and opinion pieces, and will analyse and create effective media works. An important focus will be the thoughtful use of spoken and written language.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 9, Academic
Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (MPM2D)
This course enables students to broaden their understanding of relationships and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will explore quadratic relations and their applications; solve and apply linear systems; verify properties of geometric figures using analytic geometry; and investigate the trigonometry of right and acute triangles. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic
Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied - Elected Compulsory (MFM2P)
This course enables students to consolidate their understanding of linear relations and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and hands-on activities. Students will develop and graph equations in analytic geometry; solve and apply linear systems, using real-life examples; and explore and interpret graphs of quadratic relations. Students will investigate similar triangles, the trigonometry of right triangles, and the measurement of three-dimensional figures. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.
Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic or Applied
Science, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (SNC2D)
This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between science, technology, society, and the environment. Students are also given opportunities to further develop their scientific investigation skills. Students will plan and conduct investigations and develop their understanding of scientific theories related to the connections between cells and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular focus on acid–base reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 9, Academic
Communications Technology, Grade 10, Open - Elective (TGJ2O)
This course requires students to complete a range of communications technology projects. These may include creating printed stationery, short videos, computer-generated animations, and graphical information displays. Students will learn to transfer information using electronic, live, and graphic communications methods. The knowledge and skills they will develop will provide a basis for careers in areas such as publishing, advertising, print production, animation, photography, and journalism.
Prerequisite: None
Dramatic Arts, Grade 10, Open - Elective (ADA2O)
This course requires students to actively explore dramatic forms and techniques, using their own ideas and concerns as well as sources selected from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures. Student learning will include identifying and using the principles of space, time, voice, and movement in creating, sustaining, and communicating authentic roles within a drama. Students will assume responsibility for decisions made in the creation and presentation of the drama, and will analyse and reflect on the experience.
Prerequisite: None
French (Core), Grade 10, Academic - Elective (FSF2D)
This course enables students to increase their knowledge of the French language, further develop their language skills, and deepen their understanding and appreciation of francophone culture around the world. Exploring a variety of themes, students will develop and apply critical thinking skills in discussion, in their analysis and interpretation of texts, and in their own writing.
Prerequisite: Core French 9, Academic
Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 10, Open - Elective (PPL2O)
This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong healthy active living. Student learning will include the application of movement principles to refine skills; participation in a variety of activities that enhance personal competence, fitness, and health; examination of issues related to healthy sexuality, healthy eating, substance use and abuse; and the use of informed decision- making, conflict resolution, and social skills in making personal choices.
Prerequisite: None
Introduction to Business, Grade 10, Open - Elective (BBI2O)
This course introduces students to the world of business, including the concepts, functions, and skills required for meeting the challenges of operating a business in the twenty-first century on a local, national, and/or international scale. Students will also learn concepts and skills related to personal finance, entrepreneurship, and international business.
Prerequisite: None
Introduction to Computer Studies, Grade 10 Open - Elective (ICS2O)
This course introduces students to computer programming. Students will plan and write simple computer programs by applying fundamental programming concepts, and learn to create clear and maintainable internal documentation. They will also learn to manage a computer by studying hardware configurations, software selection, operating system functions, networking, and safe computing practices. Students will also investigate the social impact of computer technologies, and develop an understanding of environmental and ethical issues related to the use of computers.
Prerequisite: None
Media Arts, Grade 10, Open - Elective (ASM2O)
This course will develop students' artistic knowledge and skills by introducing them to current media arts technologies and processes. Student learning will include the analysis, appreciation, and production of media art, using a variety of traditional techniques (e.g., photography, film, photocopy art, video, analog sound recording) and emergent technologies (e.g., computer, digital camera, scanner, multimedia, animation).
Prerequisite: None
Visual Arts, Grade 10, Open- Elective (AVI2O)
This course emphasizes learning through practice; building on what students know; and introducing them to new ideas, materials, and processes for artistic thinking and experimentation. Student learning will include the refined application of the elements and principles of design, incorporating the creative and design processes, and the relationship between form and content. Students will also learn about the connections between works of art and their historical contexts. Course objectives may be achieved either through a comprehensive program or through a program focused on a particular art form (e.g., drawing, painting).
Prerequisite: None
Course Descriptions for Grade 11
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
Grade 11 students may also choose electives from the Grade 12 lists if no prerequisites are required or if they have fulfilled the prerequisites.
English, Grade 11, University Preparation- Compulsory (ENG3U)
This course emphasizes the development of literacy, critical thinking, and communication skills. Students will analyse challenging texts from various periods; conduct research and analyse the information gathered; write persuasive and literary essays; and analyse the relationship among media forms, audiences, and media industry practices. An important focus will be on understanding the development of the English language.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Academic
Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation - Compulsory (MCR3U)
This course introduces the mathematical concept of the function by extending students' experiences with linear and quadratic relations. Students will investigate properties of discrete and continuous functions, including trigonometric and exponential functions; represent functions numerically, algebraically, and graphically; solve problems involving applications of functions; investigate inverse functions; and develop facility in determining equivalent algebraic expressions. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic
Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (MCF3M) - Elected Compulsory
This course introduces basic features of the function by extending students' experiences with quadratic relations. It focuses on quadratic, trigonometric, and exponential functions and their use in modelling real-world situations. Students will represent functions numerically, graphically, and algebraically; simplify expressions; solve equations; and solve problems relating to applications. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic, or Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied
Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 11, College Preparation (MBF3C) - Elected Compulsory
This course enables students to broaden their understanding of mathematics as a problem-solving tool in the real world. Students will extend their understanding of quadratic relations; investigate situations involving exponential growth; solve problems involving compound interest; solve financial problems connected with vehicle ownership; develop their ability to reason by collecting, analysing, and evaluating data involving one variable; connect probability and statistics; and solve problems in geometry and trigonometry. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.
Prerequisite: Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied
American History, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (CHA3U)
This course examines the development of American social, political, and economic structures from colonial times to the present. Students will analyse the chronology of events and evaluate the roles played by specific individuals and groups throughout American history. Students will conduct research and analysis, and communicate, in a variety of ways, their knowledge and understanding of the country that is Canada's closest neighbour and most important cultural influence and economic partner.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (SBI3U)
This course furthers students' understanding of the processes involved in biological systems. Students will study cellular functions, genetic continuity, internal systems and regulation, the diversity of living things, and the anatomy, growth, and functions of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (SCH3U)
This course focuses on the concepts and theories that form the basis of modern chemistry. Students will study the behaviours of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions; investigate changes and relationships in chemical systems; and explore how chemistry is used in developing new products and processes that affect our lives and our environment. Emphasis will also be placed on the importance of chemistry in other branches of science.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
Dramatic Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (ADA3M)
This course requires students to create and to perform dramatic presentations. Students will analyse, interpret, and perform works of drama from various cultures, including Western plays from around 1900. Students will also do research on different acting styles and conventions for their presentations, create original works, and analyse the functions of playwright, director, actor, producer, designer, technician, and audience.
Prerequisite: Dramatic Arts, Grade 9 or 10, Open
Fashion Design, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (AWI3M)
This course provides students with opportunities to further develop their skills and knowledge in visual arts. Students will explore a range of subject matter through studio activities, and will consolidate their practical skills. Students will also analyze art works and study aspects of Western art history, as well as art forms from Canada and other parts of the world. Students will learn about the world of Fashion Design, the development of industrial sewing skills, the study of the fashion curve and personal wardrobe planning.
Prerequisite: Visual Arts, Grade 9 or 10 Open
Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (BAF3M)
This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and ethics and current issues in accounting.
Prerequisite: None
French (Core), Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (FSF3U)
This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of reading and writing skills and to reinforce oral communication skills. Students will gain a greater understanding of French-speaking cultures in Canada and around the world through their reading of a variety of materials, including a short novel or a play. Students will produce various written assignments, including a formal essay. The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written French will be emphasized throughout the course.
Prerequisite: Core French, Grade 10, Academic
Genocide: Historical and Contemporary Implications, Grade 11, College/University Preparation - (CHG38)
This course investigates examples of genocide in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries, including the Holocaust,Armenia, and Rwanda. Students will investigate the terms genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes and explore them through the lens of historical analysis. Students will examine identity formation and how "in groups" and "out groups" are created, including an analysis of how bias, stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination impact on various groups. Throughout the course, students will gain an understanding of the role of perpetrator, victim, bystander, rescuer, opportunist, and resister. As the course unfolds students will be challenged to draw appropriate connections between the history of genocide and Canadian history.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 11, Open - Elective (PPL3O)
This course focuses on the development of a healthy lifestyle and participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that have the potential to engage students' interest throughout their lives. Students will be encouraged to develop personal competence in a variety of movement skills and will be given opportunities to practise goal-setting, decision-making, social, and interpersonal skills. Students will also study the components of healthy relationships, reproductive health, mental health, and personal safety.
Prerequisite: None
Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (HSP3M)
This course introduces the theories, questions, and issues that are the major concerns of anthropology, psychology, and sociology. Students will develop an understanding of the way social scientists approach the topics they study and the research methods they employ. Students will be given opportunities to explore theories from a variety of perspectives and to become familiar with current thinking on a range of issues that have captured the interest of classical and contemporary social scientists in the three disciplines.
Prerequisite: None
Marketing: Goods, Services, Events, Grade 11, College Preparation - Elective (BMI3C)
This course introduces the fundamental concepts of product marketing, which includes the marketing of goods, services, and events. Students willexamine how trends, issues, global economic changes, and information technology influence consumer buying habits. Students will engage in marketing research, develop marketing strategies, and produce a marketing plan for a product of their choice.
Prerequisite: None
Media Arts, Grade 11, Open - Elective (ASM3O)
This course emphasizes the development of the knowledge and skills required for the production of media art works (e.g., robosculpture, photocopy art, computer animation with synthesized sound). Students will develop an appreciation of the history of media arts through analysing specific works, and will create media art works using a variety of technologies (e.g., digital camera, photo-imaging software, computer- modelling software, synthesizer, videotape, multi-track sound recording). Prerequisite: Any Grade 9 or 10 course in the Arts
Media Studies, Grade 11, Open - Elective (EMS3O)
This course emphasizes knowledge and skills that will enable students to understand media communication in the twenty-first century and to use media effectively and responsibly. Through analysing the forms and messages of a variety of media works and audience responses to them, and through creating their own media works, students will develop critical thinking skills, aesthetic and ethical judgement, and skills in viewing, representing, listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Personal and Fitness Activities, Grade 11, Open - Elective (PAF3O)
This course focuses on the development of a healthy lifestyle and participation in a variety of enjoyable fitness focused activities. This course will teach the student about weight training, cardiovascular training, strength and endurance as well as flexibility training and nutrition. Students will be encouraged to develop and follow their own gym fitness plan and will be given the tools to achieve their healthy fitness goals. The student will determine the emphasis of his/her program. Fitness levels will be monitored regularly. Evaluation will be based on the student's ability to reach goals established jointly with the teacher, effort, participation, and record keeping. Health components follow the PPL3O course so therefore, both courses cannot be taken for credit. Students will gain decision-making skills, improve communication skills and develop organizational skills.
Prerequisites: None
Photography, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (AWQ3M)
This course focuses on studio activities in digital photography studies. Students will create art works that explore a wide range of subject matter, and will evaluate art works, providing grounds for their aesthetic judgments. They will also examine historical, stylistic, and cultural contexts of Western art (including Canadian art) and art from various world cultures to support their study of specific media. This course will involve the use of a digital camera, laptop computer, shooting and digital photo techniques using Photoshop CS or CS2. Required equipment: Digital camera (minimum 3 megapixel, 5 megapixel or higher ideal) and a laptop computer.
Prerequisite: Any Arts Course
Physical Geography: Patterns, Processes, and Interactions, Grade 11 University/College Preparation - Elective (CGF3M)
This course examines the main elements of the physical environment (climate, soils, landforms, oceans, vegetation), the processes that shape them, and the relationship between the environment and human beings. Students will apply a wide range of geographic tools and methods to explore the distribution and ongoing evolution of the elements of the physical environment on a variety of scales, from local to global.
Prerequisite: Geography of Canada, Grade 9, Academic or Applied
Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (SPH3U)
This course develops students' understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will study the laws of dynamics and explore different kinds of forces, the quantification and forms of energy (mechanical, sound, light, thermal, and electrical), and the way energy is transformed and transmitted. They will develop scientific-inquiry skills as they verify accepted laws and solve both assigned problems and those emerging from their investigations. Students will also analyse the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
The Individual and the Economy, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (CIE3M)
This course explores economic concepts relating to the Canadian economic system that will help students make informed decisions about how to use resources to satisfy wants and needs. Students will use economic concepts and models, as well as methods of economic inquiry, to analyse the choices they will make during their lives as consumers, contributors, and citizens in a mixed economy.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Understanding Canadian Law, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (CLU3M)
This course explores legal issues that directly affect students' lives. Students will acquire a practical knowledge of Canada's legal system and learn how to analyse legal issues. They will also be given opportunities to develop informed opinions on legal issues and to defend those opinions and communicate legal knowledge in a variety of ways and settings, including legal research projects, mock trials, and debates.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Visual Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (AVI3M)
This course provides students with opportunities to further develop their skills and knowledge in visual arts. Students will explore a range of subject matter through studio activities, and will consolidate their practical skills. Students will also analyse art works and study aspects of Western art history, as well as art forms from Canada and other parts of the world.
Prerequisite: Visual Arts, Grade 9 or 10, Open
World History to the Sixteenth Century, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (CHW3M)
This course investigates the history of humanity from earliest times to the sixteenth century. Students will analyse diverse societies from around the world, with particular regard to the political, cultural, and economic structures and historical forces that form the foundation of the modern world. They will examine the influence of selected individuals and groups, as well as of particular innovations, and will develop skills of historical inquiry, organization, analysis, and communication.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
World Religions: Beliefs, Issues, and Religious Traditions, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (HRT3M)
This course enables students to discover what others believe and how they live, and to appreciate their own unique heritage. Students will learn about the teachings and traditions of a variety of religions, the connections between religion and the development of civilizations, the place and function of religion in human experience, and the influence of a broad range of religions on contemporary society. This course also introduces students to skills used in researching and investigating world religions.
Prerequisite: None
Course Descriptions for Grade 12
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
English, Grade 12, University Preparation - Compulsory (ENG4U)
This course emphasizes consolidation of literacy, critical thinking, and communication skills. Students will analyse a range of challenging texts from various time periods, countries, and cultures; write analytical and argumentative essays and a major paper for an independent literary research project; and apply key concepts to analyse media works. An important focus will be on understanding academic language and using it coherently and confidently in discussion and argument.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation
Advanced Functions, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (MHF4U)
This course extends students' experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs.
Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Mathematics for College Technology, Grade 12, College Preparation
Analysing Current Economic Issues, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CIA4U)
This course explores the choices that individuals and societies make about the use of resources in a competitive global economy. Students will use economic concepts and models, as well as methods of economic inquiry, to
analyse current economic issues and make informed economic choices based on their analysis.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Biology, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SBI4U)
This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes associated with biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, evolution, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on achievement of the detailed knowledge and refined skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.
Prerequisite: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation
Calculus and Vectors, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (MCV4U)
This course builds on students' previous experience with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in three dimensional space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and apply these concepts and skills to the modeling of real-world relationships. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics, and some areas of business, including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or physics course.
Note: The Advanced Functions course (MHF4U) must be taken prior to or concurrently with Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U).
Canadian and International Law, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CLN4U)
This course explores elements of Canadian law and the role of law in social, political, and global contexts. Students will learn about the connections between the historical and philosophical sources of law and issues in contemporary society. They will also learn to analyse legal issues, conduct independent research, and communicate the results of their inquiries in a variety of ways.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Canadian and World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CGW4U)
This course draws on geographic concepts, skills, methods, and technologies to analyse significant issues facing Canadians as citizens of an interdependent world. Students will examine the challenges of creating a sustainable and equitable future through the study of a range of topics, including economic interdependence, geopolitical conflict, regional disparities in the ability to meet basic human needs, and protection of the planet's life-support systems.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Canadian and World Politics, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CPW4U)
This course examines national and international political issues from a variety of perspectives. Students will learn about the rights and responsibilities of individuals, groups, and states within the international community; analyse the different ways in which Canada tries to settle its conflicts with other nations; and evaluate the role of nationalist and internationalist ideologies in shaping relations among states.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Challenge and Change in Society, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (HSB4M)
This course examines the theories and methodologies used in anthropology, psychology, and sociology to investigate and explain shifts in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour and their impact on society. Students will analyse cultural, social, and biological patterns in human societies, looking at the ways in which those patterns change over time. Students will also explore the ideas of classical and contemporary social theorists, and will apply those ideas to the analysis of contemporary trends.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Chemistry, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SCH4U)
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, energy changes and rates of reaction, chemical systems and equilibrium, electrochemistry, and atomic and molecular structure. Students will further develop problemsolving and laboratory skills as they investigate chemical processes, at the same time refining their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in daily life, and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment.
Prerequisite: Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation
Dramatic Arts, Grade 12, University/College Preparation- Elective (ADA4M)
This course requires students to experiment with forms and conventions in dramatic literature, and to create/adapt and present dramatic works. Students will do research on dramatic forms, conventions, themes, and theories of acting and directing from different historical periods, and apply their knowledge of these in analysing and interpreting dramatic literature, including Canadian works and works from various cultures in the late twentieth century. Students will also examine the significance of dramatic arts in various cultures.
Prerequisite: Dramatic Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation or Open
Earth and Space Science, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SES4U)
This course focuses on the Earth as a planet, and on the basic concepts and theories of Earth science and their relevance to everyday life. Students will examine the Earth's place in the solar system and, after a general introduction to Earth science, will explore in more detail the materials of the Earth, its internal and surficial processes, and its history. The course draws on astronomy, biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics in its consideration of geological processes that can be observed directly or inferred from other evidence.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
Exercise Science, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (PSE4U)
This course focuses on the study of human movement and of systems, factors, and principles involved in human development. Students will learn about the effects of physical activity on health and performance, the evolution of physical activity and sports, and the factors that influence an individual's participation in physical activity. The course prepares students for university programs in physical education, kinesiology, recreation, and sports administration.
Prerequisite: Any Grade 11 university or university/college preparation course in Science, or any Grade 11 or 12 open course in Health and Physical Education
Fashion Design, Grade 12, University/College Preparation, Elective (AWI4M)
Students will continue to study the fashion figure, using it as a basis for designing garments. They will continue the study of textile art, jewelry creation, and illustration. Students will develop a basic knowledge of pattern design. With these skills students will solve design problems. The emphasis of this course is on developing skills to enable students to enter a college fashion program. Students will produce a body of work demonstrating a personal approach. Students will expand their knowledge of the world of Fashion Design, as well as expand their sewing skills. With a focus on Portfolio development the students will create a proposal for a body of work that relates to a specific aspect of the Fashion Industry.
Prerequisite: AWI3M and basic sewing skills
Financial Accounting Principles, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (BAT4M)
This course introduces students to advanced accounting principles that will prepare them for post-secondary studies in business. Students will learn about financial statements for various forms of business ownership and how those statements are interpreted in making business decisions. This course expands students' knowledge of sources of financing, further develops accounting methods for assets, and introduces accounting for partnerships and corporations.
Prerequisite: Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11, University/College Preparation
French (Core), Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (FSF4U)
This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of French language skills. Students will consolidate their oral skills as they discuss literature, culture, and current issues. They will read a variety of texts and will write a formal essay. The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written French will be emphasized throughout the course.
Prerequisite: Core French, Grade 11, University Preparation
Individuals and Families in a Diverse Society, Grade 12, University/ College Preparation - Elective (HHS4M)
This course applies current theories and research from the disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology to the study of individual development, family behaviour, intimate and parent–child relationships, and the ways in which families interact within the diverse Canadian society. Students will learn the interpersonal skills required to contribute to the well-being of families, and the investigative skills required to conduct and evaluate research about individuals and families.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
International Business Fundamentals, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (BBB4M)
This course provides an overview of the importance of international business and trade in the global economy and explores the factors that influence success in international markets. Students will learn about the techniques and strategies associated with marketing, distribution, and managing international business effectively. This course prepares students for postsecondary programs in business, including international business, marketing, and management.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Business Studies or Canadian and World Studies
Mathematics of Data Management, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (MDM4U)
This course broadens students' understanding of mathematics as it relates to managing data. Students will apply methods for organizing and analysing large amounts of information; solve problems involving probability and statistics; and carry out a culminating investigation that integrates statistical concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest.
Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation
Philosophy: Questions and Theories, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (HZT4U)
This course addresses three (or more) of the main areas of philosophy: metaphysics, logic, epistemology, ethics, social and political philosophy, and aesthetics. Students will learn critical thinking skills, the main ideas expressed by philosophers from a variety of the world's traditions, how to develop and explain their own philosophical ideas, and how to apply those ideas to contemporary social issues and personal experiences. The course will also help students refine skills used in researching and investigating topics in philosophy.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
Physics, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SPH4U)
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of the concepts and theories of physics. Students will explore further the laws of dynamics and energy transformations, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields; electromagnetic radiation; and the interface between energy and matter. They will further develop inquiry skills, learning, for example, how the interpretation of experimental data can provide indirect evidence to support the development of a scientific model. Students will also consider the impact on society and the environment of technological applications of physics.
Prerequisite: Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation
The Environment and Resource Management, Grade 12 University/ College Preparation - Elective (CGR4M)
This course investigates the complexity and fragility of ecosystems and the effects of human activities on them. Students will study the principles of sustainability and resource management and evaluate various approaches to achieving a more sustainable relationship between the environment, society, and the economy.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
The Writer's Craft, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (EWC4U)
This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. Students will analyse models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to produce a range of works; identify and use techniques required for specialized forms of writing; and identify effective ways to improve the quality of their writing. They will also complete a major paper as part of a creative or analytical independent study project and investigate opportunities for publication and for writing careers.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation
Visual Arts, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (AVI4M)
This course focuses on the refinement of students' skills and knowledge in visual arts. Students will analyse art forms; use theories of art in analysing and producing art; and increase their understanding of stylistic changes in modern and contemporary Western art, Canadian (including Native Canadian) art, and art forms from various parts of the world. Students will produce a body of work demonstrating a personal approach.
Prerequisite: Visual Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation or Open
World History: The West and the World, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CHY4U)
This course investigates the major trends in Western civilization and world history from the sixteenth century to the present. Students will learn about the interaction between the emerging West and other regions of the world and about the development of modern social, political, and economic systems. The skills and knowledge developed in this course will enable students to understand and appreciate both the character of historical change and the historical roots of contemporary issues.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
English, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (ENG1D)
This course emphasizes analytic reading, writing, oral communication, and thinking skills that students need for success in secondary school academic programs and their daily lives. Students will study and interpret texts from contemporary and historical periods, including plays, short stories, and short essays, and will investigate and create media works. An important focus will be the correct and effective use of spoken and written language.
Prerequisite: None
French (Core), Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (FSF1D)
This course emphasizes the further development of oral communication, reading, and writing skills. Students will build on and apply their knowledge of French while exploring a variety of themes, such as relationships, social trends, and careers. Thematic readings, which include a selection of short stories, articles, and poems, will serve as stepping stones to oral and written activities.
Prerequisite: Minimum of 600 hours of French instruction, or equivalent
Geography of Canada, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (CGC1D)
This course explores Canada's distinct and changing character and the geographic systems and relationships that shape it. Students will investigate the interactions of natural and human systems within Canada, as well as Canada's economic, cultural, and environmental connections to other countries. Students will use a variety of geotechnologies and inquiry and communication methods to analyse and evaluate geographic issues and present their findings.
Prerequisite: None
Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 9, Open - Compulsory (PPL1O)
This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong healthy active living. Students will learn movement skills and principles, ways to improve personal fitness and physical competence, and safety and injury prevention. They will investigate issues related to healthy sexuality and the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, and will participate in activities designed to develop goal-setting, communication, and social skills.
Prerequisite: None
Principles of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (MPM1D)
This course enables students to develop an understanding of mathematical concepts related to algebra, analytic geometry, and measurement and geometry through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will investigate relationships, which they will then generalize as equations of lines, and will determine the connections between different representations of a linear relation. They will also explore relationships that emerge from the measurement of three-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: None
Science, Grade 9, Academic - Compulsory (SNC1D)
This course enables students to develop their understanding of basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to relate science to technology, society, and the environment. Throughout the course, students will develop their skills in the processes of scientific investigation. Students will acquire an understanding of scientific theories and conduct investigations related to sustainable ecosystems; atomic and molecular structures and the properties of elements and compounds; the study of the universe and its properties and components; and the principles of electricity.
Prerequisite: None
Dramatic Arts, Grade 9, Open - Elective (ADA1O)
This course emphasizes the active exploration of dramatic forms and techniques, using material from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures. Students will construct, discuss, perform, and analyse drama, and then reflect on the experiences to develop an understanding of themselves, the art form, and the world around them.
Prerequisite: None
Exploring Communications Technology, Grade 9, Open - Elective (TGJ1O)
This exploratory course introduces students to concepts and skills in communications technology,which encompasses television/video and movie production, radio and audio production,print and graphic communications, photography, and interactive new media and animation.Students will develop an awareness of related environmental and societal issues, and will begin to explore secondary and post-secondary pathways leading to careers in the field.
Prerequisite: None
Learning Strategies 1: Skills for Success in Secondary School, Grade 9, Open - Elective (GLS1O)
This course focuses on learning strategies to help students become better, more independent learners. Students will learn how to develop and apply literacy and numeracy skills, personal management skills, and interpersonal and teamwork skills to improve their learning and achievement in school, the workplace, and the community. The course helps students build confidence and motivation to pursue opportunities for success in secondary school and beyond.
Prerequisite: None
Visual Arts, Grade 9, Open - Elective (AVI1O)
This course offers an overview of visual arts as a foundation for further study. Students will become familiar with the elements and principles of design and the expressive qualities of various materials through working with a range of materials, processes, techniques, and styles. They will learn and use methods of analysis and criticism and will study the characteristics of particular historical art periods and a selection of Canadian art and the art of other cultures.
Prerequisite: None
Course Descriptions for Grade 10
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
Grade 10 students may also choose electives from the Grade 11 or 12 lists if no prerequisites are required.
Canadian History Since World War I, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (CHC2D)
This course explores the local, national, and global forces that have shaped Canada's national identity from World War I to the present. Students will investigate the challenges presented by economic, social, and technological changes and explore the contributions of individuals and groups to Canadian culture and society during this period. Students will use critical-thinking and communication skills to evaluate various interpretations of the issues and events of the period and to present their own points of view.
Prerequisite: None
Career Studies, Grade 10, Open - Compulsory (Half Course) (GLC2O)
This course teaches students how to develop and achieve personal goals for future learning, work, and community involvement. Students will assess their interests, skills, and characteristics and investigate current economic and workplace trends, work opportunities, and ways to search for work. The course explores post-secondary learning and career options, prepares students for managing work and life transitions, and helps students focus on their goals through the development of a career plan.
Prerequisite: None
Civics, Grade 10, Open - Compulsory (Half Course) (CHV2O)
This course explores what it means to be an informed, participating citizen in a democratic society. Students will learn about the elements of democracy in local, national, and global contexts, about political reactions to social change, and about political decision-making processes in Canada. They will explore their own and others' ideas about civics questions and learn how to think critically about public issues and react responsibly to them.
Prerequisite: None
English, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (ENG2D)
This course extends the range of analytic, reading, writing, oral communication, and thinking skills that students need for success in secondary school academic programs. Students will study and interpret challenging texts from contemporary and historical periods, includingnovels, poems, plays, and opinion pieces, and will analyse and create effective media works. An important focus will be the thoughtful use of spoken and written language.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 9, Academic
Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (MPM2D)
This course enables students to broaden their understanding of relationships and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will explore quadratic relations and their applications; solve and apply linear systems; verify properties of geometric figures using analytic geometry; and investigate the trigonometry of right and acute triangles. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic
Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied - Elected Compulsory (MFM2P)
This course enables students to consolidate their understanding of linear relations and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and hands-on activities. Students will develop and graph equations in analytic geometry; solve and apply linear systems, using real-life examples; and explore and interpret graphs of quadratic relations. Students will investigate similar triangles, the trigonometry of right triangles, and the measurement of three-dimensional figures. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.
Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic or Applied
Science, Grade 10, Academic - Compulsory (SNC2D)
This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between science, technology, society, and the environment. Students are also given opportunities to further develop their scientific investigation skills. Students will plan and conduct investigations and develop their understanding of scientific theories related to the connections between cells and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular focus on acid–base reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 9, Academic
Communications Technology, Grade 10, Open - Elective (TGJ2O)
This course requires students to complete a range of communications technology projects. These may include creating printed stationery, short videos, computer-generated animations, and graphical information displays. Students will learn to transfer information using electronic, live, and graphic communications methods. The knowledge and skills they will develop will provide a basis for careers in areas such as publishing, advertising, print production, animation, photography, and journalism.
Prerequisite: None
Dramatic Arts, Grade 10, Open - Elective (ADA2O)
This course requires students to actively explore dramatic forms and techniques, using their own ideas and concerns as well as sources selected from a wide range of authors, genres, and cultures. Student learning will include identifying and using the principles of space, time, voice, and movement in creating, sustaining, and communicating authentic roles within a drama. Students will assume responsibility for decisions made in the creation and presentation of the drama, and will analyse and reflect on the experience.
Prerequisite: None
French (Core), Grade 10, Academic - Elective (FSF2D)
This course enables students to increase their knowledge of the French language, further develop their language skills, and deepen their understanding and appreciation of francophone culture around the world. Exploring a variety of themes, students will develop and apply critical thinking skills in discussion, in their analysis and interpretation of texts, and in their own writing.
Prerequisite: Core French 9, Academic
Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 10, Open - Elective (PPL2O)
This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong healthy active living. Student learning will include the application of movement principles to refine skills; participation in a variety of activities that enhance personal competence, fitness, and health; examination of issues related to healthy sexuality, healthy eating, substance use and abuse; and the use of informed decision- making, conflict resolution, and social skills in making personal choices.
Prerequisite: None
Introduction to Business, Grade 10, Open - Elective (BBI2O)
This course introduces students to the world of business, including the concepts, functions, and skills required for meeting the challenges of operating a business in the twenty-first century on a local, national, and/or international scale. Students will also learn concepts and skills related to personal finance, entrepreneurship, and international business.
Prerequisite: None
Introduction to Computer Studies, Grade 10 Open - Elective (ICS2O)
This course introduces students to computer programming. Students will plan and write simple computer programs by applying fundamental programming concepts, and learn to create clear and maintainable internal documentation. They will also learn to manage a computer by studying hardware configurations, software selection, operating system functions, networking, and safe computing practices. Students will also investigate the social impact of computer technologies, and develop an understanding of environmental and ethical issues related to the use of computers.
Prerequisite: None
Media Arts, Grade 10, Open - Elective (ASM2O)
This course will develop students' artistic knowledge and skills by introducing them to current media arts technologies and processes. Student learning will include the analysis, appreciation, and production of media art, using a variety of traditional techniques (e.g., photography, film, photocopy art, video, analog sound recording) and emergent technologies (e.g., computer, digital camera, scanner, multimedia, animation).
Prerequisite: None
Visual Arts, Grade 10, Open- Elective (AVI2O)
This course emphasizes learning through practice; building on what students know; and introducing them to new ideas, materials, and processes for artistic thinking and experimentation. Student learning will include the refined application of the elements and principles of design, incorporating the creative and design processes, and the relationship between form and content. Students will also learn about the connections between works of art and their historical contexts. Course objectives may be achieved either through a comprehensive program or through a program focused on a particular art form (e.g., drawing, painting).
Prerequisite: None
Course Descriptions for Grade 11
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
Grade 11 students may also choose electives from the Grade 12 lists if no prerequisites are required or if they have fulfilled the prerequisites.
English, Grade 11, University Preparation- Compulsory (ENG3U)
This course emphasizes the development of literacy, critical thinking, and communication skills. Students will analyse challenging texts from various periods; conduct research and analyse the information gathered; write persuasive and literary essays; and analyse the relationship among media forms, audiences, and media industry practices. An important focus will be on understanding the development of the English language.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Academic
Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation - Compulsory (MCR3U)
This course introduces the mathematical concept of the function by extending students' experiences with linear and quadratic relations. Students will investigate properties of discrete and continuous functions, including trigonometric and exponential functions; represent functions numerically, algebraically, and graphically; solve problems involving applications of functions; investigate inverse functions; and develop facility in determining equivalent algebraic expressions. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic
Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (MCF3M) - Elected Compulsory
This course introduces basic features of the function by extending students' experiences with quadratic relations. It focuses on quadratic, trigonometric, and exponential functions and their use in modelling real-world situations. Students will represent functions numerically, graphically, and algebraically; simplify expressions; solve equations; and solve problems relating to applications. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.
Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic, or Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied
Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 11, College Preparation (MBF3C) - Elected Compulsory
This course enables students to broaden their understanding of mathematics as a problem-solving tool in the real world. Students will extend their understanding of quadratic relations; investigate situations involving exponential growth; solve problems involving compound interest; solve financial problems connected with vehicle ownership; develop their ability to reason by collecting, analysing, and evaluating data involving one variable; connect probability and statistics; and solve problems in geometry and trigonometry. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.
Prerequisite: Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied
American History, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (CHA3U)
This course examines the development of American social, political, and economic structures from colonial times to the present. Students will analyse the chronology of events and evaluate the roles played by specific individuals and groups throughout American history. Students will conduct research and analysis, and communicate, in a variety of ways, their knowledge and understanding of the country that is Canada's closest neighbour and most important cultural influence and economic partner.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (SBI3U)
This course furthers students' understanding of the processes involved in biological systems. Students will study cellular functions, genetic continuity, internal systems and regulation, the diversity of living things, and the anatomy, growth, and functions of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (SCH3U)
This course focuses on the concepts and theories that form the basis of modern chemistry. Students will study the behaviours of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions; investigate changes and relationships in chemical systems; and explore how chemistry is used in developing new products and processes that affect our lives and our environment. Emphasis will also be placed on the importance of chemistry in other branches of science.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
Dramatic Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (ADA3M)
This course requires students to create and to perform dramatic presentations. Students will analyse, interpret, and perform works of drama from various cultures, including Western plays from around 1900. Students will also do research on different acting styles and conventions for their presentations, create original works, and analyse the functions of playwright, director, actor, producer, designer, technician, and audience.
Prerequisite: Dramatic Arts, Grade 9 or 10, Open
Fashion Design, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (AWI3M)
This course provides students with opportunities to further develop their skills and knowledge in visual arts. Students will explore a range of subject matter through studio activities, and will consolidate their practical skills. Students will also analyze art works and study aspects of Western art history, as well as art forms from Canada and other parts of the world. Students will learn about the world of Fashion Design, the development of industrial sewing skills, the study of the fashion curve and personal wardrobe planning.
Prerequisite: Visual Arts, Grade 9 or 10 Open
Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (BAF3M)
This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and ethics and current issues in accounting.
Prerequisite: None
French (Core), Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (FSF3U)
This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of reading and writing skills and to reinforce oral communication skills. Students will gain a greater understanding of French-speaking cultures in Canada and around the world through their reading of a variety of materials, including a short novel or a play. Students will produce various written assignments, including a formal essay. The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written French will be emphasized throughout the course.
Prerequisite: Core French, Grade 10, Academic
Genocide: Historical and Contemporary Implications, Grade 11, College/University Preparation - (CHG38)
This course investigates examples of genocide in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries, including the Holocaust,Armenia, and Rwanda. Students will investigate the terms genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes and explore them through the lens of historical analysis. Students will examine identity formation and how "in groups" and "out groups" are created, including an analysis of how bias, stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination impact on various groups. Throughout the course, students will gain an understanding of the role of perpetrator, victim, bystander, rescuer, opportunist, and resister. As the course unfolds students will be challenged to draw appropriate connections between the history of genocide and Canadian history.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 11, Open - Elective (PPL3O)
This course focuses on the development of a healthy lifestyle and participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that have the potential to engage students' interest throughout their lives. Students will be encouraged to develop personal competence in a variety of movement skills and will be given opportunities to practise goal-setting, decision-making, social, and interpersonal skills. Students will also study the components of healthy relationships, reproductive health, mental health, and personal safety.
Prerequisite: None
Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (HSP3M)
This course introduces the theories, questions, and issues that are the major concerns of anthropology, psychology, and sociology. Students will develop an understanding of the way social scientists approach the topics they study and the research methods they employ. Students will be given opportunities to explore theories from a variety of perspectives and to become familiar with current thinking on a range of issues that have captured the interest of classical and contemporary social scientists in the three disciplines.
Prerequisite: None
Marketing: Goods, Services, Events, Grade 11, College Preparation - Elective (BMI3C)
This course introduces the fundamental concepts of product marketing, which includes the marketing of goods, services, and events. Students willexamine how trends, issues, global economic changes, and information technology influence consumer buying habits. Students will engage in marketing research, develop marketing strategies, and produce a marketing plan for a product of their choice.
Prerequisite: None
Media Arts, Grade 11, Open - Elective (ASM3O)
This course emphasizes the development of the knowledge and skills required for the production of media art works (e.g., robosculpture, photocopy art, computer animation with synthesized sound). Students will develop an appreciation of the history of media arts through analysing specific works, and will create media art works using a variety of technologies (e.g., digital camera, photo-imaging software, computer- modelling software, synthesizer, videotape, multi-track sound recording). Prerequisite: Any Grade 9 or 10 course in the Arts
Media Studies, Grade 11, Open - Elective (EMS3O)
This course emphasizes knowledge and skills that will enable students to understand media communication in the twenty-first century and to use media effectively and responsibly. Through analysing the forms and messages of a variety of media works and audience responses to them, and through creating their own media works, students will develop critical thinking skills, aesthetic and ethical judgement, and skills in viewing, representing, listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Personal and Fitness Activities, Grade 11, Open - Elective (PAF3O)
This course focuses on the development of a healthy lifestyle and participation in a variety of enjoyable fitness focused activities. This course will teach the student about weight training, cardiovascular training, strength and endurance as well as flexibility training and nutrition. Students will be encouraged to develop and follow their own gym fitness plan and will be given the tools to achieve their healthy fitness goals. The student will determine the emphasis of his/her program. Fitness levels will be monitored regularly. Evaluation will be based on the student's ability to reach goals established jointly with the teacher, effort, participation, and record keeping. Health components follow the PPL3O course so therefore, both courses cannot be taken for credit. Students will gain decision-making skills, improve communication skills and develop organizational skills.
Prerequisites: None
Photography, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (AWQ3M)
This course focuses on studio activities in digital photography studies. Students will create art works that explore a wide range of subject matter, and will evaluate art works, providing grounds for their aesthetic judgments. They will also examine historical, stylistic, and cultural contexts of Western art (including Canadian art) and art from various world cultures to support their study of specific media. This course will involve the use of a digital camera, laptop computer, shooting and digital photo techniques using Photoshop CS or CS2. Required equipment: Digital camera (minimum 3 megapixel, 5 megapixel or higher ideal) and a laptop computer.
Prerequisite: Any Arts Course
Physical Geography: Patterns, Processes, and Interactions, Grade 11 University/College Preparation - Elective (CGF3M)
This course examines the main elements of the physical environment (climate, soils, landforms, oceans, vegetation), the processes that shape them, and the relationship between the environment and human beings. Students will apply a wide range of geographic tools and methods to explore the distribution and ongoing evolution of the elements of the physical environment on a variety of scales, from local to global.
Prerequisite: Geography of Canada, Grade 9, Academic or Applied
Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation - Elective (SPH3U)
This course develops students' understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will study the laws of dynamics and explore different kinds of forces, the quantification and forms of energy (mechanical, sound, light, thermal, and electrical), and the way energy is transformed and transmitted. They will develop scientific-inquiry skills as they verify accepted laws and solve both assigned problems and those emerging from their investigations. Students will also analyse the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
The Individual and the Economy, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (CIE3M)
This course explores economic concepts relating to the Canadian economic system that will help students make informed decisions about how to use resources to satisfy wants and needs. Students will use economic concepts and models, as well as methods of economic inquiry, to analyse the choices they will make during their lives as consumers, contributors, and citizens in a mixed economy.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Understanding Canadian Law, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (CLU3M)
This course explores legal issues that directly affect students' lives. Students will acquire a practical knowledge of Canada's legal system and learn how to analyse legal issues. They will also be given opportunities to develop informed opinions on legal issues and to defend those opinions and communicate legal knowledge in a variety of ways and settings, including legal research projects, mock trials, and debates.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
Visual Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (AVI3M)
This course provides students with opportunities to further develop their skills and knowledge in visual arts. Students will explore a range of subject matter through studio activities, and will consolidate their practical skills. Students will also analyse art works and study aspects of Western art history, as well as art forms from Canada and other parts of the world.
Prerequisite: Visual Arts, Grade 9 or 10, Open
World History to the Sixteenth Century, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (CHW3M)
This course investigates the history of humanity from earliest times to the sixteenth century. Students will analyse diverse societies from around the world, with particular regard to the political, cultural, and economic structures and historical forces that form the foundation of the modern world. They will examine the influence of selected individuals and groups, as well as of particular innovations, and will develop skills of historical inquiry, organization, analysis, and communication.
Prerequisite: Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Academic or Applied
World Religions: Beliefs, Issues, and Religious Traditions, Grade 11, University/College Preparation - Elective (HRT3M)
This course enables students to discover what others believe and how they live, and to appreciate their own unique heritage. Students will learn about the teachings and traditions of a variety of religions, the connections between religion and the development of civilizations, the place and function of religion in human experience, and the influence of a broad range of religions on contemporary society. This course also introduces students to skills used in researching and investigating world religions.
Prerequisite: None
Course Descriptions for Grade 12
Listed in alphabetical order starting with Compulsories and then followed by Electives:
English, Grade 12, University Preparation - Compulsory (ENG4U)
This course emphasizes consolidation of literacy, critical thinking, and communication skills. Students will analyse a range of challenging texts from various time periods, countries, and cultures; write analytical and argumentative essays and a major paper for an independent literary research project; and apply key concepts to analyse media works. An important focus will be on understanding academic language and using it coherently and confidently in discussion and argument.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation
Advanced Functions, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (MHF4U)
This course extends students' experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs.
Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Mathematics for College Technology, Grade 12, College Preparation
Analysing Current Economic Issues, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CIA4U)
This course explores the choices that individuals and societies make about the use of resources in a competitive global economy. Students will use economic concepts and models, as well as methods of economic inquiry, to
analyse current economic issues and make informed economic choices based on their analysis.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Biology, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SBI4U)
This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes associated with biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, evolution, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on achievement of the detailed knowledge and refined skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.
Prerequisite: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation
Calculus and Vectors, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (MCV4U)
This course builds on students' previous experience with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in three dimensional space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and apply these concepts and skills to the modeling of real-world relationships. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics, and some areas of business, including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or physics course.
Note: The Advanced Functions course (MHF4U) must be taken prior to or concurrently with Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U).
Canadian and International Law, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CLN4U)
This course explores elements of Canadian law and the role of law in social, political, and global contexts. Students will learn about the connections between the historical and philosophical sources of law and issues in contemporary society. They will also learn to analyse legal issues, conduct independent research, and communicate the results of their inquiries in a variety of ways.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Canadian and World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CGW4U)
This course draws on geographic concepts, skills, methods, and technologies to analyse significant issues facing Canadians as citizens of an interdependent world. Students will examine the challenges of creating a sustainable and equitable future through the study of a range of topics, including economic interdependence, geopolitical conflict, regional disparities in the ability to meet basic human needs, and protection of the planet's life-support systems.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Canadian and World Politics, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CPW4U)
This course examines national and international political issues from a variety of perspectives. Students will learn about the rights and responsibilities of individuals, groups, and states within the international community; analyse the different ways in which Canada tries to settle its conflicts with other nations; and evaluate the role of nationalist and internationalist ideologies in shaping relations among states.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Challenge and Change in Society, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (HSB4M)
This course examines the theories and methodologies used in anthropology, psychology, and sociology to investigate and explain shifts in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour and their impact on society. Students will analyse cultural, social, and biological patterns in human societies, looking at the ways in which those patterns change over time. Students will also explore the ideas of classical and contemporary social theorists, and will apply those ideas to the analysis of contemporary trends.
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and World Studies, English, or Social Sciences and Humanities
Chemistry, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SCH4U)
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, energy changes and rates of reaction, chemical systems and equilibrium, electrochemistry, and atomic and molecular structure. Students will further develop problemsolving and laboratory skills as they investigate chemical processes, at the same time refining their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in daily life, and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment.
Prerequisite: Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation
Dramatic Arts, Grade 12, University/College Preparation- Elective (ADA4M)
This course requires students to experiment with forms and conventions in dramatic literature, and to create/adapt and present dramatic works. Students will do research on dramatic forms, conventions, themes, and theories of acting and directing from different historical periods, and apply their knowledge of these in analysing and interpreting dramatic literature, including Canadian works and works from various cultures in the late twentieth century. Students will also examine the significance of dramatic arts in various cultures.
Prerequisite: Dramatic Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation or Open
Earth and Space Science, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SES4U)
This course focuses on the Earth as a planet, and on the basic concepts and theories of Earth science and their relevance to everyday life. Students will examine the Earth's place in the solar system and, after a general introduction to Earth science, will explore in more detail the materials of the Earth, its internal and surficial processes, and its history. The course draws on astronomy, biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics in its consideration of geological processes that can be observed directly or inferred from other evidence.
Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic
Exercise Science, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (PSE4U)
This course focuses on the study of human movement and of systems, factors, and principles involved in human development. Students will learn about the effects of physical activity on health and performance, the evolution of physical activity and sports, and the factors that influence an individual's participation in physical activity. The course prepares students for university programs in physical education, kinesiology, recreation, and sports administration.
Prerequisite: Any Grade 11 university or university/college preparation course in Science, or any Grade 11 or 12 open course in Health and Physical Education
Fashion Design, Grade 12, University/College Preparation, Elective (AWI4M)
Students will continue to study the fashion figure, using it as a basis for designing garments. They will continue the study of textile art, jewelry creation, and illustration. Students will develop a basic knowledge of pattern design. With these skills students will solve design problems. The emphasis of this course is on developing skills to enable students to enter a college fashion program. Students will produce a body of work demonstrating a personal approach. Students will expand their knowledge of the world of Fashion Design, as well as expand their sewing skills. With a focus on Portfolio development the students will create a proposal for a body of work that relates to a specific aspect of the Fashion Industry.
Prerequisite: AWI3M and basic sewing skills
Financial Accounting Principles, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (BAT4M)
This course introduces students to advanced accounting principles that will prepare them for post-secondary studies in business. Students will learn about financial statements for various forms of business ownership and how those statements are interpreted in making business decisions. This course expands students' knowledge of sources of financing, further develops accounting methods for assets, and introduces accounting for partnerships and corporations.
Prerequisite: Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11, University/College Preparation
French (Core), Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (FSF4U)
This course draws on a variety of themes to promote extensive development of French language skills. Students will consolidate their oral skills as they discuss literature, culture, and current issues. They will read a variety of texts and will write a formal essay. The use of correct grammar and appropriate language conventions in both spoken and written French will be emphasized throughout the course.
Prerequisite: Core French, Grade 11, University Preparation
Individuals and Families in a Diverse Society, Grade 12, University/ College Preparation - Elective (HHS4M)
This course applies current theories and research from the disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology to the study of individual development, family behaviour, intimate and parent–child relationships, and the ways in which families interact within the diverse Canadian society. Students will learn the interpersonal skills required to contribute to the well-being of families, and the investigative skills required to conduct and evaluate research about individuals and families.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
International Business Fundamentals, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (BBB4M)
This course provides an overview of the importance of international business and trade in the global economy and explores the factors that influence success in international markets. Students will learn about the techniques and strategies associated with marketing, distribution, and managing international business effectively. This course prepares students for postsecondary programs in business, including international business, marketing, and management.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Business Studies or Canadian and World Studies
Mathematics of Data Management, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (MDM4U)
This course broadens students' understanding of mathematics as it relates to managing data. Students will apply methods for organizing and analysing large amounts of information; solve problems involving probability and statistics; and carry out a culminating investigation that integrates statistical concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest.
Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation
Philosophy: Questions and Theories, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (HZT4U)
This course addresses three (or more) of the main areas of philosophy: metaphysics, logic, epistemology, ethics, social and political philosophy, and aesthetics. Students will learn critical thinking skills, the main ideas expressed by philosophers from a variety of the world's traditions, how to develop and explain their own philosophical ideas, and how to apply those ideas to contemporary social issues and personal experiences. The course will also help students refine skills used in researching and investigating topics in philosophy.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
Physics, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (SPH4U)
This course enables students to deepen their understanding of the concepts and theories of physics. Students will explore further the laws of dynamics and energy transformations, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields; electromagnetic radiation; and the interface between energy and matter. They will further develop inquiry skills, learning, for example, how the interpretation of experimental data can provide indirect evidence to support the development of a scientific model. Students will also consider the impact on society and the environment of technological applications of physics.
Prerequisite: Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation
The Environment and Resource Management, Grade 12 University/ College Preparation - Elective (CGR4M)
This course investigates the complexity and fragility of ecosystems and the effects of human activities on them. Students will study the principles of sustainability and resource management and evaluate various approaches to achieving a more sustainable relationship between the environment, society, and the economy.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
The Writer's Craft, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (EWC4U)
This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. Students will analyse models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to produce a range of works; identify and use techniques required for specialized forms of writing; and identify effective ways to improve the quality of their writing. They will also complete a major paper as part of a creative or analytical independent study project and investigate opportunities for publication and for writing careers.
Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation
Visual Arts, Grade 12, University/College Preparation - Elective (AVI4M)
This course focuses on the refinement of students' skills and knowledge in visual arts. Students will analyse art forms; use theories of art in analysing and producing art; and increase their understanding of stylistic changes in modern and contemporary Western art, Canadian (including Native Canadian) art, and art forms from various parts of the world. Students will produce a body of work demonstrating a personal approach.
Prerequisite: Visual Arts, Grade 11, University/College Preparation or Open
World History: The West and the World, Grade 12, University Preparation - Elective (CHY4U)
This course investigates the major trends in Western civilization and world history from the sixteenth century to the present. Students will learn about the interaction between the emerging West and other regions of the world and about the development of modern social, political, and economic systems. The skills and knowledge developed in this course will enable students to understand and appreciate both the character of historical change and the historical roots of contemporary issues.
Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies
